Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition in the UK, affecting individuals of all ages. As a first aider, it's essential to recognize the signs of an asthma attack and know how to respond effectively. This guide provides an overview of asthma, its prevalence in the UK, and the appropriate first aid measures during an asthma attack.​

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a long-term condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties. Common triggers include allergens, cold air, exercise, and respiratory infections. While there's no cure, effective management allows most individuals to lead normal lives.​

Asthma Prevalence in the UK

• General Population: Approximately 5.4 million people in the UK are currently receiving treatment for asthma. ​
  
  

• Children and Young People: Asthma is the most common long-term medical condition among children and young people in the UK, with around 1.1 million children currently receiving treatment. ​
  
  

• Mortality Rates: The UK has one of the highest mortality rates for childhood asthma in Europe. ​
  
  

Recognizing an Asthma Attack

During an asthma attack, the airways narrow, making breathing difficult. Symptoms include:

• Wheezing.​
  
  

• Coughing.​
  
  

• Shortness of breath.​
  
  

• Chest tightness.​
  
  

Severe attacks can escalate quickly and require immediate intervention.​

First Aid Response to an Asthma Attack

1. Help the Person Sit Up and Stay Calm: Encourage them to sit upright; avoid lying down. Reassure them to stay calm, as anxiety can worsen symptoms.
   
   

2. Assist with Their Reliever Inhaler:
   
   

   • If they have their reliever inhaler (usually blue), help them take one puff every 30 to 60 seconds, up to a maximum of 10 puffs.
     
     

   • If they use a spacer device, assist them in using it with the inhaler.​
     
     

3. Call Emergency Services if Necessary:
   
   

   • If the person feels worse at any point, or does not feel better after 10 puffs, call 999 for an ambulance. ​
     
     

   • If they don't have their inhaler, call 999 immediately.
     
     

4. Monitor and Provide Continuous Support:
   
   

   • Stay with the person until medical help arrives.​
     
     

   • If the ambulance has not arrived after 10 minutes and symptoms are not improving, repeat the inhaler process as before. ​
     
     

   • Be prepared to perform CPR if the person becomes unresponsive. 

Prevention and Preparedness

• Personal Asthma Action Plan: Encourage individuals with asthma to have a personalized action plan detailing their triggers, medications, and emergency contacts.​
  
  

• Regular Medical Reviews: Advise regular check-ups to ensure optimal asthma management and medication adjustments as needed.​
  
  

• Education: Promote awareness of asthma triggers and the importance of adhering to prescribed treatments.​
  
  

Conclusion

Asthma attacks can be life-threatening, but with prompt and appropriate first aid, risks can be significantly reduced. As a first aider, your knowledge and swift actions are vital in managing asthma emergencies effectively