How to Spot a Stroke and What to Do

A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Recognising the signs early and taking swift action can make a significant difference in someone’s recovery and even save their life. In this guide, we’ll explain what a stroke is, how to identify the symptoms, and what to do if you suspect someone is having a stroke.

What Is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This can cause brain cells to begin dying within minutes.

There are two main types of stroke:

• Ischaemic Stroke – This is the most common type and occurs when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain.

• Haemorrhagic Stroke – This happens when a weakened blood vessel bursts and bleeds into the brain.

A related condition is a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke. This is a temporary blockage of blood flow that resolves itself within 24 hours but is still a warning sign of a future stroke.

How to Spot a Stroke: The FAST Test

The best way to identify a stroke quickly is by using the FAST test, recommended by the NHS and the Stroke Association:

• F – Face: Has their face dropped on one side? Can they smile?

• A – Arms: Can they lift both arms and keep them there?

• S – Speech: Is their speech slurred, or are they unable to talk?

• T – Time: If you notice any of these signs, call 999 immediately.

Other potential symptoms of a stroke include:

• Sudden confusion or difficulty understanding speech

• Blurred or lost vision in one or both eyes

• Sudden severe headache

• Dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination problems

What to Do If You Suspect a Stroke

If you think someone is having a stroke, act fast and call 999 immediately. The quicker they receive medical attention, the better their chances of recovery. Here’s what you should do:

1. Call 999 straight away – Describe the symptoms and say, "I think this is a stroke."

2. Keep them comfortable – Encourage them to sit or lie down with their head slightly raised.

3. Do not give them anything to eat or drink – They may have difficulty swallowing.

4. Stay with them – Keep them calm and monitor their symptoms while waiting for emergency services.

What Happens After a Stroke?

If treated quickly, many people can recover from a stroke with rehabilitation. The NHS provides stroke rehabilitation services, including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, to help patients regain lost abilities.

Reducing the Risk of Stroke

While some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be controlled, there are steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of a stroke:

• Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly

• Control high blood pressure and cholesterol levels

• Stop smoking and limit alcohol intake

• Manage diabetes and maintain a healthy weight

Final Thoughts

A stroke is a serious medical emergency, but by knowing the signs and acting FAST, you can help save a life. If you or someone you know is at risk, speak to a healthcare professional about prevention and lifestyle changes. Spread awareness—knowing this information could make all the difference.

For more first aid tips and training, visit Trainer Hub and stay prepared for emergencies.